3个不同树势的芒果品种枝条和叶片特征比较

【目的】比较不同树势的芒果品种的枝条和叶片特征,为了解不同树势的芒果品种的枝叶性状及育种亲本的选择和芒果树势的早期鉴定提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间调查法,对秋芒、凯特芒和Tommy芒的枝叶基本特征进行测定,并对数据进行统计分析。【结果】枝条基本特征：3个芒果品种的枝条尖削度没有显著性差异;Tommy芒和凯特芒与秋芒的枝条长度、枝条的枝皮率及分枝角度达极显著差异,Tommy芒与凯特芒之间差异不显著;秋芒与凯特芒的枝条粗度达极显著差异,秋芒与Tommy芒、凯特芒与Tommy芒之间差异不显著。叶片基本特征：3个芒果品种的叶片长度、单位叶面积鲜重、枝条着生叶片数、叶柄长度和单位叶面积干重没有显著性差异;Tommy芒和秋芒与凯特芒的叶面积及干物质含量达极显著差异,Tommy芒和秋芒之间差异不显著;Tommy芒和凯特芒与秋芒的叶片宽度达极显著差异,Tommy芒和凯特芒之间差异不显著。【结论】3个芒果品种之间的枝条尖削度、枝条着生叶片数、叶柄长度、叶片长度、单位叶面积鲜重和单位叶面积干重差异均不明显,但在枝条长度、枝条粗度、枝条的枝皮率、分枝角度、叶面积、叶片宽度和叶片干物质含量等方面存在显著性差异。     

5个榕树品种叶表面微形态结构与滞尘能力比较

【目的】测定不同榕树品种的滞尘能力,为正确选用榕树作为城市绿化树种提供科学依据。【方法】以细叶榕（Ficus microcarpa）、柳叶榕（Ficus heteropleura）、对叶榕（Ficus hispida）、高山榕（Ficus altissima）、黄褐榕（Ficusvirens）等5个榕树品种的成熟叶片为试验材料,应用扫描电子显微镜和滤纸恒重法观察叶片表面微形态结构,测定叶片滞尘量,并进行5个榕树品种滞尘能力比较。【结果】5个榕树品种的叶表面在表皮细胞、表皮纤毛、气孔等微形态结构上存在明显差异,对叶榕叶表面结构粗糙,具有蜂窝状的凹坑组织和表皮纤毛;细叶榕有不规则的岛状表皮细胞突起和大小不等的坑状组织,没有表皮纤毛;黄褐榕叶表面支脉细胞突起形成一个个的网格结构,无表皮纤毛;柳叶榕和高山榕叶表面较光滑,均无表皮纤毛。5个榕树品种因叶表面结构不同,滞尘能力也表现出明显差异。【结论】榕树叶片的形态特征是决定榕树叶片滞尘量的关键,5种榕树品种滞尘能力大小依次为：对叶榕〉细叶榕〉黄褐榕〉高山榕〉柳叶榕。     

苗期接种不同丛枝菌根真菌对烟草青枯病防治效果的影响

【目的】研究漂浮育苗条件下,探讨接种不同丛枝菌根真菌及其结合生防制剂对烟株不同生育时期农艺性状、青枯病抗病效果及烤后烟叶品质的影响。【方法】采用漂浮育苗技术培育烟苗,于播种期分别接种摩西球囊霉、聚丛球囊霉和生防制剂进行烟苗农艺性状、烟叶化学成分及抗病性等比较试验。【结果】与对照相比,各处理均可不同程度改良烟株农艺性状,优化总糖与烟碱、总氮与烟碱的比例,改善烟叶品质;接种摩西球囊霉的菌根苗＋生防制剂20mL对于改良烟株农艺性状和改善烟叶品质具有更好的效果,而接种聚丛球囊霉的菌根苗＋生防制剂20mL对青枯病的防治效果最好,接种摩西球囊霉的菌根苗＋生防制剂20mL次之。【结论】漂浮育苗时接种摩西球囊霉＋生防制剂（20mL）处理可更好的改善烟株综合素质。     

钟山县甜玉米大小斑病流行分析及防治对策

通过对钟山县燕塘镇甜玉米大小斑病的流行特点和发生规律及原因进行分析,根据当地实际提出相应的栽培技术措施,把大小斑病对甜玉米的危害降到最低限度。     

叶片加料回潮工序对卷烟叶组化学成分的影响

运用现代分析技术分析叶片加料回潮工序对卷烟叶组及其制品的化学成分的变化规律。结果表明：叶片加料回潮工序对卷烟叶组的总氮、烟气一氧化碳释放量影响较大,其中总氮含量升高11%,而一氧化碳释放量则降低11%,焦油释放量、烟碱和一氧化碳均与总植物碱的相关性较强,其中焦油释放量与总植物碱呈负相关,烟碱和一氧化碳则与其呈正相关。     

水稻抗纹枯病QTL qSB-9TQ和抗条纹叶枯病基因Stv-bi的聚合育种

以携带抗纹枯病QTL qSB-9^TQ的籼稻品种特青和携带抗条纹叶枯病基因Stv-bⁱ的粳稻品种镇稻88为优良等位基因供体亲本,江苏省推广的粳稻品种武育粳3号和武粳15为受体亲本,分别杂交并连续回交。在回交及自交分离世代,利用开发的覆盖目标基因区间的双侧分子标记对目标基因进行辅助选择。至回交BC₄F₁世代,同一遗传背景2个回交方向的中选单株间聚合杂交,获得2个目标基因位点均纯合的聚合F₃株系。条纹叶枯病抗性鉴定和纹枯病抗性接种鉴定结果表明,聚合株系对条纹叶枯病均表现抗病;以0~9级评级标准评价,聚合株系的纹枯病较相应的轮回亲本分别低1.1~1.6级和0.8~1.4级。结合回交低世代抗性鉴定结果分析,自行开发的分子标记对目标基因的辅助选择是有效的。讨论了抗纹枯病育种及分子标记辅助选择聚合育种的相关问题。     

水稻稻瘟病抗病基因的结构功能和共同进化

稻瘟病是由真菌 Magnaporthe oryzae 所致,是世界上最严重的水稻病害之一。抗病基因能够识别病原无毒蛋白而导致抗病反应。抗病基因以单基因或基因簇的形式存在,它是通过基因复制或基因多样性而产生的。近几年来,由于抗病基因的不断克隆和功能分析,使人们更好地理解和认识抗病机理。本文总结了目前抗病基因的克隆和功能分析进展,并对抗病基因的进化,抗病蛋白和病原无毒因子之间的相互作用、相互影响和进化以及无毒因子的结构进行了剖析,同时指出这些理论对植保的潜在含义。     

Preliminary success using hydrogen peroxide to treat Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., affected with experimentally induced amoebic gill disease (AGD)

Currently, the only effective and commercially used treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD) in farmed Tasmanian Atlantic salmon is freshwater bathing. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), commonly used throughout the aquaculture industry for a range of topical skin and gill infections, was trialled in vitro and in vivo to ascertain its potential as an alternative treatment against AGD. Under in vitro conditions, trophozoites of Neoparamoeba perurans were exposed to three concentrations of H₂O₂ in sea water (500, 1000 and 1500 mg L^?1) over four durations (10, 20, 30 and 60 min) each at two temperatures (12 and 18 °C). Trophozoite viability was assessed immediately post‐exposure and after 24 h. A concentration/duration combination of 1000 mg L^?1 for >10 min demonstrated potent amoebicidal activity. Subsequently, Atlantic salmon mildly affected with experimentally induced AGD were treated with H₂O₂ at 12 and 18 °C for 15 min at 1250 mg L^?1 and their re‐infection rate was compared to freshwater‐treated fish over 21 days. Significant differences in the percentage of filaments affected with hyperplastic lesions (in association with amoebae) and plasma osmolality were noted between treatment groups immediately post‐bath. However, the results were largely equivocal in terms of disease resolution over a 3‐week period following treatment. These data suggest that H₂O₂ treatment in sea water successfully ameliorated a clinically light case of AGD under laboratory conditions.     

Diseases of north European wrasse (Labridae) and possible interactions with cohabited farmed salmon, Salmo salar L

There have been several reported studies of wrasse health but none of these has shown transmission of wrasse diseases when stocked with farmed Atlantic salmon. Most of the studies have focussed on bacterial and parasite issues, including treatment of bacterial diseases with antibiotics and vaccination of wrasse. Classical and atypical furunculosis have been reported in wrasse following stress, and wrasse have been susceptible to vibrio infection. Further study is required on the vaccination of wrasse for furunculosis with latent carrier status to maximize survival. There are studies on viral diseases such as infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious salmon anaemia and pancreas disease and although these did not give any undue concern for salmon health, there is also scope for further study in this area. Resident parasite communities of wrasse are largely host-specific and do not appear to be a threat to salmon. Given that wrasse have not, to date, been a vector of disease in salmon, attention should be placed on maintaining best practice in cohabiting wrasse with salmon. Other issues that should be addressed are good welfare of wrasse in pens and identifying measures of this, the identification of losses of wrasse in pens, being alert to potential emerging diseases through health screening of mortalities and assessing the risks associated with carrying forward wrasse from one salmon production cycle to the next. Issues of exploitation by fishing on wild wrasse stocks and improved biosecurity may be addressed by the increased movement by the industry to the stocking of farmed wrasse.     

Potato viruses in China

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is globally the fourth largest staple crop after rice, wheat and maize. China is the largest potato producer worldwide, accounting for 26.3% and 22.2% of the global total area and yield, respectively. Viral diseases have been a limiting factor for sustainable production of potato in China. This article provides update and comprehensive information on the most important viruses, their effect on yield and their control in China. Meristem culture is currently the most widely used technique for production of virus-free potato plants and these plants are used as nuclear stock for the production of certified seed tubers. Although a significant increase in tuber yield has been achieved using certified seed potatoes, lack of application of a national seed potato production scheme has hindered progress. Conventional breeding using virus-resistant cultivars introduced from other countries as parents has already led to the production of Chinese cultivars. Use of virus-resistant wild Solanum species and genetic transformation techniques will provide new virus-resistant varieties in the future to further enhance control of potato viruses in China.